jozanus jozanus Matsumura, 1916:192

Paragini, with the single genus Paragus, is a compact and distinctive group occurring in all continents other than South America and Antarctica. Paragus species are small, slender to moderately robust, with thorax black or with apex of scutellum pale, and abdomen usually extensively red-orange to entirely black. Paragus has postpronotum bare, antenna short, anterior anepisternum bare, abdomen parallel-side, face yellow in background colour, metaepisternum bare, scutum black laterally, at most with a poorly defined yellow polinose vitta, and metasternum bare.

The subgenus Pandasyopthalmus sensu Vujic et al. (2008) has eye uniformly pilose; scutum shining, finely punctured, without pollinose submedial vittae; scutellum with rounded posterior margin, without conspicuous teeth or bristles; abdomen elongate, usually narrowed between terga 2 and 3; terga 1–2 fused; terga 3–5 usually not fused, connection between terga 2 and 3 movable; connections between terga 3–5 immovable; male genitalia: minis small, lateral arms of minis long; aedeagus ‘amphora-like’.

Pandasyopthalmus is divided in two species groups: jozanus and tibialis groups. P. jozanus has face flat, with indistinct facial tubercle, and with only pale and slightly developed facial stripe in both sexes; eyes large in comparison with head size and width of face narrow in comparison with head; spurious vein ending before the meeting point of vein M1 with vein DM; puncturation of scutum and terga coarse; scutellum entirely black; adomen narrow; male genitalia: ejaculatory apodeme small, apical part simple; lateral lobe of aedeagus protruded anteriorly as much as or more than postgonites; aedeagal apodeme without well-developed lateral arms, but with strong beak-like dorsal prolongation; hypandrium usually without characteristic lateral protuberances.

New description:

MALE.

Head: Face slightly produced forward ventrally, yellow with medial black vitta, black on mouth margin, yellow pilose; gena black; frontal triangle yellow, yellow pilose; vertical triangle black, black pilose; antenna dark brown, basoflagellomere elongate, arista submedial; dichoptic, eyes separated by facet width, eye pilose; occiput black, silver pollinose, withish-yellow pilose.

Thorax: Scutum and scutellum shiny black, punctuate, yellow pilose; subscutellar fringe complete. Pleuron black, with long white pile; metasternum bare. Wing: Wing membrane hyaline, microtrichose with broad bare areas basally. Alula broad, bare basally with few microtrichia apically. Legs: Entirely yellow except coxae and trochanter black; profemur black on basal 1/3, mesofemur black on basal 1/2 and metafemur black except apical 1/4 yellow.

Abdomen: elongate, black, punctuate; usually narrowed between terga 2 and 3; terga 1–2 fused; terga 3–5 usually not fused, connection between terga 2 and 3 movable; connections between terga 3–5 immovable.

FEMALE.

Similar to male except fons entirely black and medial black facial vitta broader.

Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) jozanus Matsumura, 1916.

Matsumura, S. & Adachi, J. (1916) Synopsis of the economic Syrphidae of Japan. Pl. [sic] [=Pt.] I. Entomological Magazine Kyoto 2: 1-36, pl. 1.

Paragus is the only genus of the tribe Paragini and its phylogenetic position is uncertain. Dusek and
Laska (1967) did not comment on the sister group of Paragus but mentioned that the genera Didea and Paragus share some characters of the adult morphology and male genitalia and they placed Paragini as one of the first branches of Syrphinae, commonly called basal clades. Shatalkin (1975) said that Paragini was a tribe aberrant in relation to all other tribes of the subfamily based on characters of the male genitalia. Rotheray and Gilbert (1989) using larval characters, resolved the genus as sister group of the tribe Pipizini. In 1999, Rotheray and Gilbert reported Paragus as sister group of the clade Eupeodes + Scaeva + Ischiodon.

Ståhls et al. (2003) using morphological and molecular characters resolved Paragus as sister group of the genera Chrysotoxum and Syrphus. Hippa and Ståhls (2005), based only on adult morphological cahracters, found a similar conclusion: Paragus as sister group of Chrysotoxum, Syrphus, Toxomerus and Sphaerophoria. Mengual et al. (2008) using only molecules, resolved Paragini as sister group of Allobaccha, a position never suggested before

Although there are recent studies about the intrageneric classification of Paragus (Kassebeer, 1999a,b, 2001; Rojo et al., 2006; Vujic et al., 2008), the placement of this tribe in the subfamily Syrphinae is unresolved as previous results disagree. Currently there are four subgenera based on the study by Vujic et al. (2008): Paragus s. str., Serratoparagus, Afroparagus and Pandasyopthalmus (the latest with two species groups, tibialis and jozanus groups).

Species only known from Japan.